See also: Internet in China and Supercomputing in China According to a publication from 1987, computer and Internet technology spread to China in the late 20th century as a result of the Chinese economic reform. Chinese people kept a watchful eye on one another and reported inappropriate behaviors that infringed upon the dominant social ideals of the time. In the early years, when technology was relatively undeveloped in China, mass surveillance was accomplished through disseminating information by word of mouth. Mao invented this mechanism of control that encompassed the entire nation and its people in order to strengthen his power in the newly founded government. Mass surveillance in China emerged in the Maoist era after the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949. The coronavirus pandemic has accelerated the implementation of mass surveillance as it has provided a plausible pretext to do so. By 2020, the number of surveillance cameras in mainland China is expected to reach 626 million. As of 2019, it is estimated that 200 million monitoring CCTV cameras of the "Skynet" system have been put to use in mainland China, four times the number of surveillance cameras in the United States. Mass surveillance has significantly expanded under the PRC Cybersecurity Law (2016) and with the help of local companies like Tencent, Dahua Technology, Hikvision, SenseTime, ByteDance, Megvii, Huawei and ZTE, among many others.
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